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The Constitution set a clear path through Directive Principles of State Policy to eliminate poverty.
: Punjab was divided into Punjab (Punjabi) and Haryana (Hindi), with Himachal Pradesh carved out later.
Challenges of Nation Building: Class 12 Political Science Notes (HOT Questions & Concepts) Introduction
Contrary to early fears, reorganizing states based on language did not weaken India. Instead, it reduced local grievances, democratized political power by making governance accessible in local languages, and ultimately strengthened national integration. 5. Summary of Key Terms & High-Yield Exam Points challenges of nation building class 12 notes hot
[Two-Nation Theory] ---> [Partition of British India] ---> [Creation of India & Pakistan] The Process of Division
British India was divided into British Provinces and Princely States. Princely States enjoyed paramountcy under British suzerainty.
At the time of independence, British India was divided into British Indian Provinces (controlled directly by the British government) and Princely States (ruled by local princes who accepted British suzerainty). The Problem
The Nizam, one of the world's richest men, wanted an independent state and signed a Standstill Agreement with India. This public link is valid for 7 days
Maharaja Hari Singh wanted an independent state and refused to join either India or Pakistan.
Thousands of women were abducted, forced into marriages, and stripped of their dignity.
In its 1955 report, the commission accepted that the boundaries of states should reflect linguistic divisions.
This led to the passage of the States Reorganisation Act in 1956 , which divided the nation into 14 states and 6 union territories . Subsequent Reorganisations Can’t copy the link right now
Muslim-majority zones formed Pakistan's territory.
While most states integrated peacefully, four regions posed significant challenges:
Partition was not just a division of land, but a division of financial assets, government machinery, railways, and even basic administrative items like typewriters and books.
Nehru and Sardar Patel initially opposed linguistic states, fearing they would promote parochialism and weaken national unity. They remembered how linguistic demands had hastened the partition of Bengal in 1905.